How are Diamonds Made?
The first diamonds to be unearthed by man were discovered in India in the 4th-century BC and were quickly dispersed along the ancient trade route, the Silk Road. Ancient civilizations believed diamonds were gifts from the Gods and that they would bring health, wealth, and strength. Since then, we have learned the science of diamond formation, yet we continue to entrust diamonds with similar ideologies.
As the Earth was cooling from its violent cosmic beginnings as a molten planet, intense pressure and heat created the diamonds we continue to extract today. As we journey back in time, you will discover how these precious stones that adorn your finest jewelry were made. Diamonds can be made in multiple ways you may not have known, let’s see how.
100 miles deep in the Earth, a layer separating our hospitable exterior from the molten core, known as the mantle, is where diamonds were made. Temperatures boiled above 2,100 degrees Fahrenheit and pressure exceeded 725,000 pounds per square inch — more than 45,000 times greater than at sea level.
The extreme heat and pressure combined actually modified graphite, a crystalline carbon, on the atomic level. This restructured graphite’s molecular composition from a hexagonal sheet pattern into a triangular shape, resulting in diamond.
According to the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), these diamonds remained hidden within the earth for hundreds of millions of years, out of reach of life on the surface.
Why you should trust us
To help you with the diamond buying process we lean on our expertise and experience. The author of this article, our CEO, Mike Fried has over 20 years of experience in the diamond industry. Mike started from the bottom, sorting and evaluating hundreds of thousands of diamonds to learn every facet (pun intended) of diamond quality and value. Mike followed that up by spending years buying and selling diamonds on the wholesale market as well as selling tens of millions of dollars worth of diamonds to diamond retailers.
Lucky for us, nature also has a method of transporting these valuable minerals from deep within the Earth to the surface––volcanic pipes. Deep-source volcanoes start three times as deep as typical volcanoes. The high levels of magnesium and carbon dioxide force the magma to the surface, resulting in a violent eruption. Diamonds are typically elevated through kimberlite pipes, which form a bowl-shaped pockmark in the Earth after eruption. When mining these kimberlite sites, precious and semi-precious gemstones like garnet and peridot are also found among diamonds.
Other Sources of Diamonds
Diamonds are not only formed under the heat and pressure of the Earth’s gravity, but can form in the midst of a collision between Earth and an asteroid. Russia claims to have a deposit of diamonds resulting from a collision 35 Million years ago. Diamonds created during a cosmic collision are not likely to be of gemstone quality. However, they maintain their strength and are likely used for cutting or other industrial purposes. Like the glass that results when lightning strikes sand, the diamonds from asteroid impacts are far from meeting the standards of cut, color, and clarity for your typical engagement ring.
As if truly from the Gods above, meteorites have also been known to deliver diamonds. Since carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, it should come as no surprise that diamonds are not exclusive to Earth. When scientists tracked their first meteorite impact, they were not surprised to find diamonds, but were shocked by the size of the diamonds. The scientists proposed that diamonds of this size could only form within a planet, which could mean these diamonds are from a planet that was destroyed early in our solar system’s history.
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Synthetic Diamonds
After learning nature’s process for creating diamonds, the creation of artificial diamonds may have less sparkle, so to speak. The first definitively man-made diamond was created in the General Electric laboratory in 1954.
This first artificial diamond was created through the process of High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT), which tries to replicate nature by superheating and applying force to diamond seeds. Synthetic diamonds are more commonly made using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), which can take 28 days starting with diamond seeds that are superheated in plasma and resulting in a cube-shaped diamond.
Conclusion
We often take for granted how the products we use every day are made and most of these products will become obsolete in mere months. The crown jewel in your engagement ring, necklace, or earrings has probably been taken for granted up to this point, but these indestructible stones will never become obsolete. When purchasing a diamond, whether made by mother nature or man, be sure to consult your Diamond Pro for unbiased reviews of the top diamond retailers globally.
Wikipedia | Volcanic Pipe
The CS Monitor | Russia Awash in Diamonds
National Geographic | How Diamonds are Formed
PBS Crash Course Chemistry | Network Solids and Carbons
Popular Mechanics | How Does an Asteroid Impact Make Diamonds?
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What we love about them:
- No questions asked returns within 30 days of shipment. Blue Nile will send you a paid shipping label to return the ring.
- Lifetime Warranty
- Free Shipping
- Free prong tightening, repolishing, rhodium plating and cleaning every 6 months
- Provide insurance appraisal
- One free resizing within the first year of purchase
- High quality images of about half of their diamonds
- 24/7 Customer Service
- 100% credit towards future upgrades (must be at least double in value)
- Best in class fulfillment
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